Sanidad y la II República Española (1931-1936): la creación de la figura de la primera Directora de Enfermeras / Saúde e da Segunda República Espanhola (1931-1936): a criação da figura do primeiro Director of Nurses / Health and the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1936): the creation of the figure of the first Head of Nurses

Introducción: La sanidad en España, como en otros tantos países, fue una preocupación máxima para sus gobernante. Pero es durante la Segunda República Española (1931-1936) cuando esta inquietud se hace más viva. Para su mejora se destinó un presupuesto que, ejercicio tras ejercicio, fue aumentando para solventar los graves problemas que sufría, buscando tan solo la modernización de las infraestructuras existentes y la creación de otras tantas nuevas, además de lograr una máxima cualificación de sus profesionales. Esta última fue de considerable calado equiparándola con los flamantes ejemplos de otros muchos países europeos que apostaban por dejar atrás modelos anclados en el medievo y dar paso a un sistema que funcionara como una "máquina de sanación". Objetivo: Establecer cuando surge por primera vez en España la figura de la Directora de Enfermeras. Método: Se realizó un "examen exhaustivo" de la documentación custodiados en el Archivo del Excelentísimo Cabildo Insular de Santa Cruz de Tenerife y bibliográficamente. Resultados: En Canarias, como en otros tantos lugares de la "piel de toro", las reformas se procuraron profundas. Un claro ejemplo de ello fue el reglamento, de corto tiempo en vigor, formulado por el consejero del Cabildo Insular de Tenerife Miguel Bethencourt del Rio, que daba un giro a la organización existente hasta ese momento. Conclusiones: Entre los cambios destacó la creación de la figura de Directora de Enfermeras, inédita hasta la fecha, y que hubo que esperar al ocaso de la Dictadura Franquista para verla nuevamente en la Sanidad Española (AU)

Introduction: Healthcare in Spain, as in many other countries, was a top concern for their ruler. But it is during the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1936) when this restlessness becomes more alive. To improve it was allocated a budget that, after exercise, was increased to solve the serious problems that suffered, seeking only the modernization of existing infrastructures and the creation of so many new ones, in addition to achieving a maximum qualification of its professionals. This last one was of considerable draft, matching it with the flamboyant examples of many other European countries that bet on leaving behind models anchored in the Middle Ages and giving way to a system that functions as a "healing machine". Objective: Establish when the figure of the Director of Nurses emerges for the first time in Spain. Method: A "thorough examination" of the documentation was carried out in the Archive of the Very Insular Cabildo of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and bibliographically. Results: In the Canary Islands, as in many other places in the "bullskin", the reforms were pursued deep. A clear example of this was the regulation, of short time in force, formulated by the councilor of the Insular Cabildo of Tenerife Miguel Bethencourt of the River, that gave a turn to the existing organization until that momento. Conclusions: Among the changes highlighted the creation of the figure of Director of Nurses, unpublished until now, and that we had to wait for the sunset of the Franco dictatorship to see it again in the Spanish Health (AU)

Introdução: Saúde em Espanha, como em muitos outros países, era uma das principais preocupações para a sua régua. Mas é durante a Segunda República espanhola (1931-1936), quando esta preocupação torna-se mais viva. Relativamente ao orçamento de melhoria que ano após ano, foi aumentando para resolver os graves problemas sofridos, procurando apenas a modernização da infraestrutura existente e criar outro era para muitos nova adição para atingir profissionais máximos qualificados. O último foi de considerável profundidade equiparando-a com os novos exemplos de muitos outros países europeus a deixar para trás padrões de apostas ancoradas na Idade Média e dar lugar a um sistema que funcionaria como uma "máquina de cura". Objectivo: Definir quando a figura do director de Enfermeiros surge pela primeira vez em Espanha. Método: uma "revisão completa" dos documentos mantidos no Arquivo de Sua Excelência Conselho de Ilha de Santa Cruz de Tenerife e bibliograficamente foi realizada. Resultados: Nas Ilhas Canárias, como em outros lugares da "pele de touro" reformas profundas procurado. Um exemplo claro disso foi a regulamentação em vigor curto espaço de tempo, feita pelo diretor do Cabildo Insular de Tenerife Bethencourt Miguel del Rio, que deu um toque para a organização existente até agora. Conclusões: Entre as mudanças, ele destacou a criação do cargo de Diretor de Enfermeiros, inéditos até à data, e não foi até o crepúsculo do franquista para vê-lo novamente no Saúde espanhol (AU)

The importance of good data: how The National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses has been used to improve knowledge and policy.

In 1977, the federal government launched the nation's largest and most significant program to collect data on the registered nurse (RN) workforce of the United States-the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSRN). This survey is conducted by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration, first in 1977 and then every 4 years since 1980. This article offers the history of the NSSRN and a review of the ways in which the NSSRN data have been used to examine education, demographics, employment, shortages, and other aspects of the RN workforce. The influence this body of research has had on policymaking is explored. Recommendations for future research are offered, in the hope that future waves of the NSSRN will continue to be used to their fullest potential.

[The nursing administration scientific publications in Brasil since 1947 until 1972]. / A produção científica sobre administração em enfermagem no Brasil no período de 1947 a 1972.

The Nursing Administration was added to the Nursing Undergraduation Curriculum when the evidence of this need came clear to the brazilian nurses. The main objective of the present investigation is to describe the history pathway of scientific productions about Nursing Administration to evidence the special points of this history, intended to contribute to the understanding of the sequence of their productions and the utilization of this concepts in the administration nursing practice. The study referred from 1947 to 1972, by the searching in the electronic nursing scientific publications data base named--PERIENF. The results were 19 indications submitted to a thematic analysis treatment. This procedure reveals that since the forties the nurses were conscious of the difficulties they had experimented in their administration performance, growing up to the inclusion of this theme in the undergraduate courses and demonstrating its organization until the definition of the "Curriculo Mínimo do Curso de Enfermagem e Obstetricia" in 1972, granting a special place of this discipline.

The history and future of nursing labor research in a cost-control environment.

For the first time in nursing's history, the downsizing of hospitals, the increased use of managed care, reduced use of registered nurses and other factors may result in significant unemployment in nursing, with resulting downward adjustments in the wage. Understanding the labor supply response of nurses to changes in the wage is critical to predicting accurately how nurses will respond to changes in the market demand as it influences wages, and determining rational policy responses to the labor market. In this article, three generations of nursing labor research are summarized and critiqued. Methodological issues are discussed and specific directions for future studies are suggested.

Nursing studies laid end to end form a circle.

As early as 1915, leaders in the nursing profession were concerned with the "image problem of nurses," which they saw as needing improvement. Since then, countless studies, reports, and commissions have attempted to explain and solve perceived shortages of registered nurses, which have occurred regularly after brief periods of quiescence or oversupply. Usually, their recommendations have hinged on nurses changing their image. In fact, few of these studies have dealt with the real issues of nursing work, which are a narrow pay range, little extra pay for working on undesirable shifts, disincentives for full-time work, pay unrelated to education, and education unconnected to job level. The multiple studies and commissions do nothing more than recycle data and in the process obscure fundamental problems. Educational funding has been no more successful. Their ineffectiveness suggests the need for less "image enhancement" and more support from physicians and employers to bring about systemic reform. This includes licensing nurses according to their education, assigning them according to their competencies and education, and paying accordingly. These measures, and only these, will eventually curtail the cycles of nursing "shortages."

[The influence of schools of scientific and classical administration on the scientific production of Brazilian nursing]. / Influência das escolas de administração científica e clássica na produção científica da enfermagem brasileira.

This paper traces the influence of F. W. Taylor and H. Fayol in the scientific output of brazilian nursing from 1930 to 1980. The scientific output of brazilian nursing is reviewed, looking for work based upon the Scientific and Classical Schools of Administration. The author executes a bibliographic survey based upon two periodicals: Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem and Revista Paulista de Hospitais. A total of 68 articles were selected and studied. Findings have shown that Taylor/Fayol had and still have an important influence on the theoretic foundation of nursing output. The central theme of the texts centers upon "Studies on the Organization of Hospital Nursing Services", and "Time and Motion Studies concerning Nursing Techniques and Activities:. The central preoccupation in these texts refers to productivity and rationality of work, regardless of the fact that the organization of health and nursing work is a human task, referring to the satisfaction of health needs.